THANKS for stopping by, I do my best to acknowledge when someone leaves a comment,you do not have to be a member here & everyone is welcome.
Ps: This site is monitored but not actively posting on a regular basis. Mostly these are stories & some photos saved from a defunct site known as Verdun Connections which was on MSN Groups initially then on a social network called Multiply.
Fisher poses for a photograph next to two photos from Moscow in 1972, top left and photo underneath, in his memorabilia room at his home in Côte-St-Luc in Montreal on Friday, August 31, 2012. In the top photo, Fisher, right, is seated next to an unknown woman in a Moscow métro car in 1972. Underneath, Fisher poses in front of the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow in 1972.DARIO AYALA /THE GAZETTE
Red Fisher, the chronicler and the conscience of Montreal hockey whose career touched seven decades, died on Friday at age 91.
Fisher started on the Canadiens beat in 1955 in the era of train travel and finished it in 2012 when reporters tweeted the lines at morning skates. The man knew how to make an entrance: the first game he covered was the Richard Riot, that singular marriage of hockey, sociology and, ultimately, mythology that has marked Quebec for generations. Fisher was the link to the most glorious of the Canadiens teams and covered 17 of their record 24 Stanley Cups. Along the way, the journalist who was believed to be the longest-serving beat man covering the major North American leagues collected three National Newspaper Awards and thousands of tales, entertaining readers and often ennobling hockey.
Fisher received one of Canada’s highest civilian honours on Dec. 29, 2017, when he was named a member of the Order of Canada “for his contributions to sports journalism, notably for his iconic coverage of the Montreal Canadiens hockey franchise.”
“He was the best of his time,” Canadiens Hall of Fame goaltender Ken Dryden wrote in an email, “and his time lasted a very long time.”
Canadiens’ Jean Beliveau and Gazette reporter Red Fisher during the early 1960s. GAZETTE FILES, COURTESY OF RED FISHER
Although he was prominent on Hockey Night in Canada with The Fisher Report and worked as a colour analyst on Canadiens broadcasts, Fisher was better known for the written than the spoken word. He was a distinctive writer, often bypassing the who-what-where-why journalism conventions for something as informative but more stylish, punctuated with tics and flourishes that hardened into an inimitable style. Among his catchphrases: “My great and good friend.” “Nobody died.” “Take a deep breath and hold it.” His deadline game stories were not newspaper-y, but 800-word novellas, replete with heroes, villains and plot. The gift for narrative and analysis made him the definitive voice on hockey’s heritage franchise at the Montreal Star and for 33 years, at the Gazette.
“There were a lot of intelligent people in the (media) business, but he was one of the most astute,” New York Rangers president Glen Sather said. “He was intelligent, analytical.”
“When things would go wrong for the team or for me, I would search for answers,” Dryden wrote. “If I couldn’t find them, I would say to myself: ‘I wonder what Red thinks’ and wait for the next day’s paper. I never did that with anyone else.”
Former Canadiens great and Hockey Hall of Famer Dickie Moore congratulates the Montreal Gazette’s Red Fisher on his induction into the Quebec Sports Hall of Fame on Nov. 24, 2010.JOHN KENNEY / THE GAZETTE
Fisher could be finicky. He preferred corner hotel rooms on the road. He liked his soup scalding, his toast burnt, his Chivas with a few rocks and his quotes meaty. He steadfastly refused to refer to the Canadiens in print as the “Habs,” one of several unwritten Red Rules. But after filing on deadline he would call the Gazette sports desk to check on his story, greeting the editor who answered the phone with, “Habs in?” Once, when winger Mark Recchi failed to deliver after a post-game playoff victory over the New York Rangers, Fisher spun on his heels and headed toward the dressing room, theatrically muttering, “Clichés, clichés, clichés.” Hockey pants around his ankles, Recchi hobbled after him, asking: “But Red, what did you want me to say?”
Fisher wanted a good tale, a nugget that might illuminate a play or a game. Even as reporting became more breathless in the Internet age, Fisher remained circumspect. “He liked the story but hated the rumour,” Sather said. In his 1994 memoirs, Hockey, Heroes and Me, Fisher wrote his favourite four-letter word was “fair.” He would leave cheap shots and bons mots to others, not that he avoided the clever and cutting when the situation demanded. During the 1970s when Scotty Bowman was stonewalling an injury to Montreal’s first-line centre, Fisher wrote: “Jacques Lemaire is doubtful for tonight’s game with what Canadiens coach Scotty Bowman describes as an upset stomach. The pain, however, has gone all the way up to his slightly separated shoulder.”
Red Fisher in 1957.GAZETTE FILES
“Red covered several thousand games in his career,” Dryden wrote. “How many ways are there to say that the Rocket is ‘fiery,’ Béliveau ‘regal,’ Plante ‘eccentric and brilliant’? What can you write day after day about Lafleur, Robinson, Gainey and Roy? About Blake and Bowman? Red had every right to have been a been there-done that person, but he wasn’t. He watched every game with open eyes, because he knew that what he was doing wasn’t about him. He knew that if a game was being played, it mattered. If players were playing it, they mattered. If fans were watching it, they mattered. If readers were reading his story, they mattered. And if he was writing it, he mattered. Red took the game, the Canadiens, his readers and himself very seriously.”
While game stories and columns were his staples, Fisher wrote some memorable features that were fuelled by empathy and a firm grasp of the human condition. His tender stories about Laura Gainey, swept out to sea on her tall ship off the coast of Nova Scotia in 2006, a frail Toe Blake and the death of Hall of Fame winger and close friend Dickie Moore in 2015 belied his painstakingly cultivated image as a curmudgeon. At times he could be — to appropriate one of his literary locutions — cranky with gusts to crotchety. But for Fisher respect and friendship were precious commodities, slowly earned and not freely bestowed.
Former Canadiens goaltender Patrick Roy has a word with Red Fisher following a news conference on Sept. 11, 2008, called to announce the retirement of Roy’s sweater.JOHN MAHONEY / MONWP
“I met Red first in Stockholm at the World Hockey Championships in 1969,” Dryden wrote. “I was twenty-one; he was forty-two. I thought he was sixty. He was imperious. He was Red Fisher. He observed; he reported; he pronounced. He loved being the best because he could act like the best. He could be cantankerous and crusty. He could be intimidating. He could avoid suffering the fools he had no time for. But if you didn’t fall for his act, Red was funny, smart and endlessly great company.”
“The players liked Red because he was from the old era,” said Steve Shutt, the star left winger on the dynastic Canadiens of the 1970s who later worked with Fisher on CJAD broadcasts. “He came from a time when the players and reporters were attached, riding the trains together. He was viewed almost as part of the team.”
Fisher, raised near The Main where his father, Sam, who had emigrated from Russia (via several years in Scotland), repaired and sold second-hand shoes, started on the Canadiens beat at a time when reporters were practically embedded with their teams. Indeed, Fisher might have been the last working journalist to be initiated by the Canadiens in the old-time hockey way. Now, NHL rookies are merely stuck with outrageous tabs after dinners, but Fisher, like the players of decades ago, received rougher treatment. He was stripped naked, bound to a massage table and shaved by Maurice Richard, dressed in a surgeon’s cap and a white lab coat, who, Fisher would later write, growled: “Welcome to the family.”
Red Fisher at the Bell Centre on Sept. 24, 2005.CHRISTINNE MUSCHI / THE GAZETTE
Fisher earned his place in the family not because the Canadiens initially paid for transportation, hotels and $10 in meal money — a practice The Star discontinued in 1963 when Fisher and Blake, the coach, had a confrontation over the policy — but through his work. Although he became synonymous with the Canadiens in the minds of readers across the country, he bristled when he was perceived as being too closely aligned to the team. Fisher had a policy of not speaking to rookies, probably the most famous Red Rule. When the 36-year-old Alain Vigneault was hired to coach the Canadiens in May 1997, he telephoned Fisher and said: “Mr. Fisher, I know you don’t talk to rookies, but I’d like to have lunch this summer to discuss our team.” The choice of the word “our” was the solecism. “No, thanks,” Fisher told Vigneault. “See you in training camp.”
“Red had our trust,” Shutt said. “We would tell him stuff that would help fill out the story because he knew what to write and what not to. Red would always interview players by himself” — this was another of the Red Rules; Fisher despised pack journalism — “because if another reporter was around, the players would go all corporate. If the Journal de Montréal heard some of the stuff we trusted Red with, it would be front page every day.
“Red never was out for the big scoop, although that didn’t mean he didn’t get them.”
Perhaps the most sensational came in 1970. Fisher obtained a financial report presented by NHL president Clarence Campbell to the Board of Governors that stated: “Even though our return to the players last season was at an all-time low, our profits were at an all-time high.” Fisher wrote a five-part series about player salaries and benefits, a sensation that netted him the first of his National Newspaper Awards. The series, which embarrassed the NHL, also cost Fisher a regular slot on Hockey Night in Canada intermissions.
Fourteen years later, Fisher broke another story, one — indirectly at least — that might have had an even more significant effect on his career.
Red Fisher and Canadiens coach Jacques Demers in 1995.PETER MARTIN / GAZETTE
In 1984, a senior Gazette executive was mulling removing Fisher from the Canadiens beat and replacing him with a writer who specialized in Olympic sports. “I think Red’s losing his fastball,” the executive confided to a newspaper staffer.
The idea was utter folly. Fisher knew where the hockey bodies were buried; most other reporters were unaware anyone was missing. Fisher infrequently attended the actual Canadiens practices because there was no need. He would go to the Forum before the skates, troll the changing area behind the dressing room for stories and quietly depart before other journalists arrived. A few weeks after the Gazette executive mused about shaking up the beat, Fisher shook up Montreal and the NHL by reporting Guy Lafleur would announce his retirement, the resounding Montreal sports scoop of the decade.
The story killed any talk of Fisher’s fastball. Fisher, who vowed to keep working “until I get it right,” had plenty of zip for another 28 years, during which he would win two more National Newspaper Awards and a career achievement award from Sports Media Canada. He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Quebec Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.
Aislin cartoon of Red Fisher and Canadiens players.AISLIN / MONTREAL GAZETTE
Fisher worked until he was 85. He did not let go of anything lightly, whether it was his career or a feud with the Hockey Hall of Fame.
In 1985, he won the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award for distinguished hockey writing given by the Hall, receiving a blazer that designated him as an Honoured Member. Almost two decades later, Bill Hay, then chairman of the Hall of Fame, essentially downgraded the writer and broadcaster categories; the winners of the Elmer Ferguson and Foster Hewitt Memorial Awards were to be considered “media honourees” and not members. Fisher, who had served on the Hall of Fame selection committee from 1985 through 2003, severed ties with the Hall. He requested his photograph in the media lounge at the Bell Centre, where it hung with other Hall-recognized media members, be removed. Fisher never made his peace with the Hall of Fame nor did he bother to camouflage his bitterness at the perceived slight.
“A travesty what Hay did to Red,” Sather said.
Sather was one of Fisher’s closest friends in hockey, perhaps the only man who could put anything over on him. His most famous prank involved research Fisher had done at the Canadian Pacific Railway museum in Montreal for Sather, who, with partners, had purchased Storm Mountain Lodge, built by the railway in 1922, near Banff. The amount of work and the recompense for the time always remained in dispute — in jest, Sather wondered what Fisher wanted for his efforts and Fisher, who collected western art, asked in all seriousness for an Indian painting — but the punch line was not. After various cheque-is-in-the-mail burlesques — Sather said the painting had been returned because of an incorrect address — the Edmonton Oilers general manager told Fisher he would present the painting at the draft in Montreal. Sather invited journalists and team officials to his hotel suite, gave a laudatory speech about his newspaper friend and then removed the black crepe from the picture on the easel in the room. There in a full headdress was an enlarged photograph of former NHL defenceman and Oilers scout Jim Neilson, who is half Cree, pretending to paint the side of house.
Voilà. An Indian, painting.
No one laughed louder and longer than Fisher.
Red Fisher leaves the press box at the Montreal Forum on Oct. 1, 1994. The game that was to be played that day was cancelled because of a lockout of NHL players.PETER MARTIN / GAZETTE
In February 2016, the Professional Hockey Writers Association, of which Fisher was a founder, asked permission to name an annual award for beat writing in his honour. Fisher demurred. (He was at odds with the PHWA after it did not back him vigorously enough in his feud with the Hall of Fame.) After several minutes of arm-twisting from an intermediary, Fisher relented. “But,” he said, “make sure you tell them I don’t give a damn” — that’s paraphrasing slightly — “one way or another.”
Tillie, Fisher’s wife of 69 years died on Jan. 9, 2018, at age 90.
Fisher is survived by children Ian and Cheryl, and grandson Ryan.
Finally a new team comes to our old Verdun Auditorium it's the womens Montreal Canadiens ,good luck girls and enjoy our old hometown rink......
Les Canadiennes de Montréal will be calling the Verdun Auditorium home as of 2019.
The news was announced at the historic auditorium on Monday afternoon, with a slew of politicians on hand, including Montreal mayor Denis Coderre, Verdun mayor Jean-François Parenteau and provincial MNA Isabelle Melançon.
Meg Hewings, general manager of Les Canadiennes, said moving to Verdun is a great thing for one of Canada’s leading women’s hockey teams. Les Canadiennes used to be called the Montreal Stars and changed their name in September 2015, a few months after entering into a marketing partnership with the Montreal Canadiens.
“The Verdun Auditorium is an incredible facility, it has a history that goes way back in terms of hockey, on the men’s side but on the women’s side, too,” said Hewings. “It’s the right size for us. It’s a 3,000 to 4,000-seat arena, so we’re hoping to grow into that by the time we open in 2019. It’s also a great facility for our athletes in terms of being able to train and compete. So we’ll have our home locker room here and we’ll have a number of amenities. And it’s been difficult for us to find that in the past several years…it’s also close to the metro. It’s accessible.”
The team has been in discussions with the Verdun administration for two years and Verdun has taken into consideration some of the team’s concerns while planning the renovations that are currently underway. Les Canadiennes de Montréal had been playing for several years at the Étienne-Desmarteau arena in Rosemont but they moved this year to the Centre Sportif Claude Robillard because Étienne-Desmarteau is under renovation. One of the problems at Claude Robillard is that the arena only seats 650 people. The team also will have a number of games at the Bell Sports Complex in Brossard (the Canadiens’ practice facility) this season and will play one game at the Bell Centre Nov. 11, against the expansion Chinese team Kunlun Red Star.
Hewings also thinks there is a great fan base for hockey in the area.
“Verdun is a neighbourhood that’s crazy about hockey and we’re excited to fill this place and light it up with the hockey that we’ve been showcasing,” said Hewings.
“You don’t have to look too far around here to understand the community spirit that thrives in Verdun,” said Brenda Andress, the commissioner of the Canadian Women’s Hockey League. “You look at your main street, with shops, where people know each other … for us that’s what’s important in the Canadian Women’s Hockey League. It’s not only about playing the game on the ice. It’s about what you do off the ice. … For us it’s about finding ways to ensure that young girls are empowered — empowered to believe they can become what they choose to be in life. Empowered to make sure their fitness level and their self-esteem is important to them. And the power to know that no matter who you are born to … that the Canadian Women’s Hockey League provides the most high examples with our players. Our players really are what the Canadian Women’s Hockey League is about. Every day that they come play with us … those players give back to the community.”
Wow ! 2018, we neaver dreamt of that number when we were kids in Verdun. happy New Year to all of you who surf by, may it be one of health,happiness, family & friends, Cheers ! Les
I will find a way to recreate the In Memoriam page ,so you won't have to copy & paste the link,but for now if you want to visit it to see all the names of friends gone by. Cheers ! Les
Another obit to add to the ever growing list (you can copy and paste the url above to bring you to our In Memoriam post started 20 years ago originally on VC msn groups.
FAYLE, Thelma (nee Andreasen) November 17, 1920 - November 23, 2020
After 65 years in Montreal and 35 years in Victoria, Thelma celebrated a
lively, fun 100th in (safe covid) contact with her big band of cheering
family and friends. She fell into a final peaceful sleep six days
later. Thelma was predeceased by her husband Robert Fayle and Kaare
Tandberg, her wonderful partner of 18 years. Thelma leaves her children:
Barb (Colin), Judee (Ken), Thelma (Daryl), Les (Teresa), Heather and
Robert (Rita). In addition: Doris (Oriano), Eric, Lisa (Torgeir) and
Doug (Mindy). Grandchildren: Bob (Christine), Patricia, Andrea (Colin),
Melanie, Christopher, Nikki, Corey (Cubbie!), Keith (Cortlynne), Carly
(Brandon), Troy (Jessica), Mandy (Drew), Eric (Bev), Jillian (Cody),
Shawn (Mélise) and Magnus. Greatgrands: Jeremy (Aliya), Tommy, Mikey,
Finley, Natalie, Ryder, Frankie Marie, Jeff, Emma, Benny and the newest
family joy - the sweet Kaylee Hicke. And there was her Sons of Norway
friends, Ukranian cultural-center chums, Newfoundland pals and Bingo
buddies; with caller Bert who used to stop in the middle of calling and
say: "my girlfriend just walked in, hi Thelma". So many adopted family
members called her Ma, Mom or Grandma. And she loved you all. Imagine;
she named everyone in her prayers every night! She was our role-model of
unconditional love . Special thanks to daughters Barb and Thelma and
especially to grandson Corey - Mum's closest caregivers. In lieu of
flowers, please consider a donation to the Victoria Sons of Norway
Ladies Auxiliary (via Jette Denluck). Mum loved her Sons of Norway
family and valued her volunteer work with them over thirty years. Joyful
celebration-of-life to follow - later.
What if thousands of people lay dying on Montreal’s waterfront?
What if some of the city’s best doctors, nurses, members of the clergy and the mayor were caring for the sick newcomers at the risk of their own lives?
What if the dead were being buried in hastily dug trenches next to the makeshift hospital, piled three coffins deep?
What if the death toll rose to the equivalent of 12 per cent of the city’s population?
You’d think a city couldn’t forget a thing like that.
The events of Black 47 are very real to Montreal-born, Dublin-based historian Jason King. On visits to his hometown, King, academic coordinator for the Irish Heritage Trust, which operates the Irish National Famine Museum, always makes a point of visiting the site in Pointe-St-Charles where as many as 6,000 people died of typhus in 1847.
Historian Jason King stands under Le Typhus by Theophile Hamel on the ceiling of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Old Montreal. The painting depicts the typhus epidemic of 1847 in which Montreal nuns cared for the sick in fever sheds in Pointe-St-Charles. Credit: Peter McCabe / Montreal Gazette
You pass under a railway bridge, past a Costco store, derelict warehouses and empty parking lots bordered by concrete blocks. It’s easy to miss the monument to the typhus victims — a rough boulder in the median between traffic lanes on Bridge St., near the Victoria Bridge. On it are inscribed the words:
“To Preserve from Desecration the Remains of 6000 Immigrants Who died of Ship Fever A.D. 1847-48
This Stone is erected by the Workmen of Messrs. Peto, Brassey and Betts Employed in the Construction of the Victoria Bridge A.D. 1859.”
King contemplates the stone in silence, broken only by passing vehicles, the sighing wind and screeching of seagulls.
“You do feel a real sense of connectedness when you come to the actual place,” he says.
“Usually, when I come I’m by myself. There’s really nobody here. There’s passing traffic, but that kind of becomes white noise after a minute or two. The rock and the strange, empty parking lot. It’s a very moving site, a very strange site,” King says.
Dozens of cities, including Toronto, New York, Boston and Philadelphia, have sites commemorating the one million Irish who fled their homeland during the Great Famine of 1846-51 — of whom an estimated one in five died en route of disease and starvation.
Each year, some 20,000 tourists journey to Grosse-Île, the former quarantine station near Quebec City where more than 5,000 famine migrants died in 1847.
But Montreal, whose Black Rock is the world’s oldest famine memorial, has no appropriate place of remembrance — just this dangerous spot in the middle of a busy commuter route.
Google Earth image shows location of the Black Rock. The proposed memorial park would be built on land now occupied by the parking lot above it, and cement site to the left.
Yet it was in Montreal that the tragedy struck hardest, and that the community most heroically rose to the challenge of helping the sick and dying, King says.
“Montreal was in a sense the epicentre of the 1847 famine migration,” he says.
“It was the largest city in British North America. It was the only major city to have famine refugees in massive numbers come into the city itself.”
For the past five years, members of the local Irish community have been working to create a memorial park honouring those who fled the famine, only to die on Montreal’s waterfront.
Their plan calls for moving the Black Rock to the future park on the east side of Bridge St. at rue des Irlandais, an area now occupied by a parking lot and Lafarge cement site.
But in May, organizers of the Montreal Irish Monument Park Foundation learned the land earmarked for the park had been sold to Hydro-Québec, to build an electrical substation to supply the future Réseau électrique métropolitain (REM) train. Mayor Denis Coderre, who had initially pledged support for the park, now insists the substation must go ahead but has promised to find a compromise.
Coderre and other city officials refused to be interviewed for this article.
The Black Rock memorial marking the graves of typhus victims is lowered into place in 1859. Credit: William Notman / McCord Museum
The city is also keeping mum on its plans for the rest of the area between Bridge St., the Bonaventure Expressway and Mill St. — formerly the working-class neighbourhood of Goose Village, which the city demolished in 1964. The Coderre administration is reportedly eyeing the site for a future baseball stadium, to bring back Major League Baseball to Montreal.
“The Goose Village sector is targeted in the Stratégie Centre-Ville (a downtown development plan) which will be unveiled in the near future,” is all city spokesperson Jules Chamberland would say in an email exchange.
The REM project calls for a light-rail station underneath the Lachine Canal’s Peel Basin, with a north entrance in Griffintown and a south entrance about a 10-minute walk from the Goose Village site.
But to King, any project that brushes aside the site’s tragic history would be a violation of the last resting place of the thousands who died.
“You can’t imagine this happening anywhere else, that you’d have a mass grave in complete abandonment,” he says.
Sylvain Gaudet, a researcher with the Société d’histoire de Pointe-Saint-Charles, has pored over newspapers, maps and property records to document the burial grounds where the typhus victims were laid to rest. Initially, the sick were housed in sheds near the Peel Basin; later, sheds were built for them on the Goose Village site. Archaeological research is needed to determine what traces remain of the thousands buried at the two sites, Gaudet said.
Historian Jason King at the Irish Commemorative Stone, the Black Rock, situated in the median between traffic lanes on Bridge St. Proponents want a memorial park to be built on an adjacent site, and the rock moved there. Credit: Peter McCabe / Montreal Gazette
Anne-Marie Balac, an archaeologist who worked for Quebec’s Ministry of Culture for 27 years and is now a consultant, said “it’s unthinkable” to allow any project to be built without a thorough investigation of what lies under the ground.
“We know it has a very high archaeological potential because it’s a cemetery,” she said.
Several bodies have been unearthed over the years, including during roadwork and building of the Costco, leaving no doubt that the site is a former cemetery, Balac said.
In 1942, excavations near the entrance to the Victoria Bridge turned up the coffins of 12 typhus victims in a trench-like grave. They were reinterred near the Black Rock.
“It’s urgent to act before going too far,” Balac said.
* * *
In the spring of 1847, Montrealers braced for an influx from famine-stricken Ireland, where the potato crop had failed in both of the previous two years.
“We learn from British papers and private letters published in those of the United States, that the preparations for emigration from Britain, and especially from Ireland, are unprecedentedly great,” the Montreal Witness newspaper reported on March 8.
Fever sheds along the near shore, to the right, are seen from Mount Royal in 1852 in this lithograph by Endicott & Co. Credit: McGill University Rare Books and Special Collections
Fearing a deluge of undesirables, the United States tightened regulations for passenger ships, pushing up travel costs.
This meant the poorest immigrants would be forced to travel via Quebec City and Montreal, the Witness correctly predicted.
Soon “our shores are likely to be thronged with emigrants, chiefly of a class who will have little or nothing left when they arrive,” the paper warned, urging that “no time ought to be lost” in making preparations.
But nothing could have prepared Montrealers for what they saw when sick and starving immigrants began stepping off steamboats from Quebec City.
“Good God! What a spectacle. Hundreds of people, most of them lying naked on planks haphazardly, men, women and children, sick, moribund and cadavers; all of this confusion hit the eyes at once,” the Annals of the Sisters of Charity (Grey Nuns) reported on June 7.
The overcrowded “coffin ships” that brought the migrants to the New World — often Canadian timber vessels making the return trip with a human cargo — were the perfect breeding ground for typhus, spread by body lice infected with the Rickettsia prowazekii bacterium. (The cause would not be discovered until 1916.)
Theophile Hamel's painting, Le Typhus, on the ceiling inside the entrance to Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Old Montreal. Nuns, priests, Protestant clergy and others disregarded their own safety to care for the newcomers. Credit: Peter McCabe
“Hundreds of poor people, men, women, and children of all ages, from the drivelling idiot of ninety to the babe just born, huddled together without light, without air, wallowing in filth, and breathing a fetid atmosphere…” Irish landowner and social reformer StephenDe Verewrote of a crossing to Quebec in 1847.
A foul odour wafted from the immigrant ships, like the stink of a dunghill on a foggy day, observed Grosse-Île’s medical superintendent, Dr. George Douglas.
“I never saw people so indifferent to life – they would continue in the same berth with a dead person until the seamen or captain dragged out the corpse with boat hooks,” Douglas wrote in a letter to the chief immigration agent in Quebec City.
Of the 100,000 who sailed for British North America in 1847, an estimated 70,000 arrived in Montreal, then a town of 50,000.
At first, the sick were housed in existing sheds on the south bank of the Peel Basin of the Lachine Canal. As the epidemic spread, prominent citizens demanded that a quarantine station be set up on the Boucherville Islands. But authorities rejected that idea as impractical and decided to build new sheds on the shore of the St. Lawrence, approximately where the Black Rock stands today. At the time, the site was on the waterfront but today the river is farther away because landfill has altered the shoreline.
By Aug. 1, patients were being cared for in 21 new, well-ventilated sheds, with a total capacity of 1,800. (Good ventilation was considered essential for healing because people then believed disease was spread by miasmas, or bad air.)
Those who died were buried next to the sheds, in long trenches where the coffins were piled three deep.
“The sheds were more or less here, on the waterfront,” King says.
“On the one hand, it’s a scene of utter desolation and desperation, with hundreds of people dying in abject misery, but also there’s a lot of compassion and there’s a lot of caring towards them,” he says.
While the tragedy was the city’s darkest moment, it was also in some ways its finest hour, he says.
“For all of the deaths, all of the anxiety and the fear, it’s in many ways a positive story. It’s a story of self-sacrifice, a story of people rising to the occasion,” he adds.
Nuns, priests, Protestant clergy and others disregarded their own safety to care for the newcomers. The Mohawks of Kahnawake brought food for the starving strangers.
“These are much, much bigger challenges than we can possibly imagine. When there were real risks, we accepted them all, with a generosity of spirit I think we rarely see today anywhere,” King says.
Wood engraving by John Henry Walker, between 1859 and 1885, shows the Black Rock on the waterfront. Today, landfill has greatly altered the shoreline. Credit: McCord Museum
Estimates of the death toll in Montreal in 1847 vary from 3,579 by Nov. 1 — the number reported by Canada’s chief immigration agent in Quebec City — to the 6,000 recorded on the Black Rock, which includes deaths in 1848. In its report for 1847, the city’s emigration committee stated 3,862 died of typhus in Montreal that year.
Quebec families adopted hundreds of Irish orphans at the urging of Catholic bishop Ignace Bourget. Their descendants are among the 40 per cent of Quebecers who claim some Irish ancestry.
“When the Irish settled in urban areas, they became English. When they settled in rural areas, they became French-Canadian, retaining their Irish surnames but otherwise indistinguishable from everyone else,” King notes.
Today, as Haitian asylum-seekers are sheltered in the Olympic Stadium and Syrian refugees adjust to life in Canada, the city’s response to the famine migrants of 1847 sends a powerful message, King says.
“After that initial moment of panic, it’s a story of people becoming accepted into their new communities, people becoming new French-Canadians or Irish-Canadians,” King says.
“In a nutshell, it’s a story of integration.”
* * *
Lithograph shows, in the background, fever sheds for the typhus victims of 1847 during the 1850s, when they were used to house the workers who built the Victoria Bridge from 1854-1859. Credit: McCord Museum
Voices from Montreal’s Summer of Sorrow
Numerous sources, including records kept by religious communities and newspaper reports, paint a vivid account of the famine migration to Montreal.
RELATED LINKS
BITTERNESS AND HOPE AS MONTREAL IRISH COMMEMORATE 1847 FAMINE
“One of the most remarkable things is that the Annals of the Grey Nuns are one of the most detailed records of any famine site anywhere in the world,” historian Jason King says.
“There are very absorbing descriptions of people arriving in unprecedented numbers,” he says.
“We’re very lucky to have those records.”
Local newspapers recounted the evolving crisis and vigorously debated on how it should be dealt with.
The following extracts provide a glimpse of how Montreal’s Summer of Sorrow unfolded:
June 7: When sick and starving Irish immigrants begin arriving in Montreal, the Grey Nuns step forward to nurse them.
Our Mother Superior heard that there were a great number of sick people lying outdoors along the docks and that they found themselves in the saddest of shape.
Immigrants who arrived in the city were required to report to the immigration office, which looked like this one from Illustrated London News in 1850. Credit: McCord Museum
After going out to investigate, she returned to the Mother House to describe the horrific condition of the immigrants and ask for volunteers.
She did not need to do so more than once, since our dear Sisters came in large numbers.
(Annals of the Grey Nuns)
June 13: As thousands pour into the city, the typhus sheds near the Lachine Canal are quickly overwhelmed. Patients are crowded three to a bed, with corpses lying alongside the living. Bodies pile up outside, awaiting burial.
The Grey Nuns record heartrending scenes, like a man who arrives from Grosse-Île searching for his wife, who had been sent on to Montreal before him. He finally spots her corpse on a pile of bodies and takes it in his arms, calling her name and kissing her, unable to believe that she is really dead.
Once he is convinced that she no longer exists, he abandons himself to his pain; the air is filled with his cries and sobs. … Scenes of this nature occur several times a day.
(Annals of the Grey Nuns)
A works map for the Victoria Bridge shows, along the shore, rows of workmen's houses that formerly served as fever sheds for typhus sufferers. Credit: McCord Museum
June 21:With deaths from typhus averaging 20 per day, newspapers praise the tireless devotion of the nuns, priests and doctors caring for the patients around the clock. Most heartbreaking is the plight of the orphaned babies.
The most piteous sight of all, perhaps, is a separate shed, appropriated to the orphans, and in which sixty or eighty poor little creatures, some of them not many weeks old, are lying four and six in a berth, many of them wailing in every variety of tone. The priests, nuns, and others, are very attentive to these forlorn babes; but there appear to be no wet nurses yet, and it is almost impossible that many of them can survive.
(Montreal Witness)
June 24: Bishop Ignace Bourget calls on Quebecers to adopt the orphaned children.
Today, they are speaking through our voice to reach your hearts: “Do for us poor little orphans what you would want others to do for your own children if, like us, they had the misfortune to lose you in a distant country; if like us, they were on a foreign shore, without relatives or friends … if like us, they had no one to care for them; and especially, if, like us, they risked losing the faith for which their fathers had fought to the death.”
(Pastoral letter)
July 4: With caregivers falling ill, critics suggest it was a mistake to help the newcomers.
We very much regret that the church authorities allowed the hospital sisters to leave their convent to care for the sick. … This kindness towards the emigrants seems to us a little exaggerated. If the government wants to send us so many of these unfortunate people, who are bringing plague and famine here, it’s up to the government to care for them and support them.
(La Minerve)
Front page of The Montreal Witness, March 15, 1847.
July 5: Workers succumb to typhus as the disease spreads.
There is not a doubt now that the fever, which is the prevailing malady among these immigrants, is highly contagious. Mr. Yarwood’s (the immigration agent for Montreal) death has already been mentioned, and we are sorry to add that two or three of the doctors here are ill, including Dr. Liddell, the chief emigrant physician. Nineteen of the nuns are said to be more or less sufferers from the prevailing malady, and many of the other nurses have been laid down by fever. The disease is also spreading through the city.
(Montreal Witness)
July 12: Debate rages over where to construct the new hospital sheds. Prominent citizens call for the immigrants to be moved to the Boucherville Islands, where they will not infect local residents. But the Medical Commission, headed by Mayor John Easton Mills, nixes that idea, saying doctors and nurses could not be found to work there and that steamships would not be able to dock there.
It was, therefore, after much consideration, resolved to build the new Hospitals upon the most approved principles on the high bank of the St. Lawrence, at Point St. Charles… — John E. Mills, Chairman, Emigrant Commissioners
(Montreal Witness)
July 15: More than 1,000 citizens attend a protest meeting at Bonsecours Market on July 13 demanding the immigrants be removed to the Boucherville Islands site.
The great majority of citizens want the emigrants to be moved elsewhere to prevent the contagion that is decimating our city but the authorities are opposing them! … Ministers, priests, nuns and citizens have already paid for their devotion with their lives, many others are at death’s door, while they pretend to believe that there is no danger and refuse to remedy the situation.
(La Minerve)
The Black Rock in a photograph dated March 27, 1898, by Alfred Walter Roper. Credit: McCord Museum
July 26: As construction of the new hospital sheds nears completion, newspapers pay tribute to the caregivers who gave up their lives, dubbing them “The True Legion of Honour.”
In relation to the self-sacrificing spirit which actuated the whole Roman Catholic and Protestant Clergy of Montreal … there can be but one opinion, and that opinion pervades all classes and conditions of our population. We speak with the soberness of truth when we say that they have shown a zeal in the cause of suffering humanity rarely equalled, certainly not surpassed — worthy indeed of their august and sacred calling and honourable to the character of that religion whose doctrines they are appointed to teach.
(Montreal Pilot, reprinted in the Montreal Witness)
Aug. 13: Bishop Bourget pays tribute to fallen nuns and priests.
Since the 8th of July, the Lord has visited us to take away eight Priests, 10 Nuns and a large number of laypersons who devoted themselves, with praiseworthy zeal, to the spiritual and bodily service of the sick.
Alas! This pitiless illness has reached these heroines of Catholicism. … They have fallen, they who, like angels of peace, consoled so many tortured souls.
(Pastoral letter)
John Easton Mills was the mayor of Montreal from 1846 to 1847, when he died of typhus.
Nov. 15: Mayor Mills dies.
It is with profound grief we announce to our readers the death of John E. Mills, Esq., Mayor of this City, of typhus fever. This melancholy event which took place last Friday morning (Nov. 12) at 11 o’clock, has caused a deep feeling of sorrow throughout every class in the community.